Manual: od
OD(1) General Commands Manual OD(1)
NAME
od - Dump files in octal and other formats
SYNOPSIS
od [--help] [-A|--address-radix] [-j|--skip-bytes] [-N|--read-bytes] [--endian] [-S|--strings] [-a ]
[-b ] [-c ] [-d ] [-D ] [-o ] [-I ] [-L ] [-i ] [-l ] [-x ] [-h ] [-O ] [-s ] [-X ] [-H ] [-e ] [-f ]
[-F ] [-t|--format] [-v|--output-duplicates] [-w|--width] [--traditional] [-V|--version] [FILENAME]
DESCRIPTION
Dump files in octal and other formats
OPTIONS
--help Print help information.
-A, --address-radix
Select the base in which file offsets are printed.
-j, --skip-bytes
Skip bytes input bytes before formatting and writing.
-N, --read-bytes
limit dump to BYTES input bytes
--endian
byte order to use for multi-byte formats
Possible values:
• big
• little
-S, --strings []
output strings of at least BYTES graphic chars. 3 is assumed when BYTES is not specified.
-a named characters, ignoring high-order bit
-b octal bytes
-c ASCII characters or backslash escapes
-d unsigned decimal 2-byte units
-D unsigned decimal 4-byte units
-o octal 2-byte units
-I decimal 8-byte units
-L decimal 8-byte units
-i decimal 4-byte units
-l decimal 8-byte units
-x hexadecimal 2-byte units
-h hexadecimal 2-byte units
-O octal 4-byte units
-s decimal 2-byte units
-X hexadecimal 4-byte units
-H hexadecimal 4-byte units
-e floating point double precision (64-bit) units
-f floating point single precision (32-bit) units
-F floating point double precision (64-bit) units
-t, --format
select output format or formats
-v, --output-duplicates
do not use * to mark line suppression
-w, --width []
output BYTES bytes per output line. 32 is implied when BYTES is not specified.
--traditional
compatibility mode with one input, offset and label.
-V, --version
Print version
EXTRA
Displays data in various human-readable formats. If multiple formats are specified, the output will
contain all formats in the order they appear on the command line. Each format will be printed on a
new line. Only the line containing the first format will be prefixed with the offset.
If no filename is specified, or it is "-", stdin will be used. After a "--", no more options will be
recognized. This allows for filenames starting with a "-".
If a filename is a valid number which can be used as an offset in the second form, you can force it
to be recognized as a filename if you include an option like "-j0", which is only valid in the first
form.
RADIX is one of o,d,x,n for octal, decimal, hexadecimal or none.
BYTES is decimal by default, octal if prefixed with a "0", or hexadecimal if prefixed with "0x". The
suffixes b, KB, K, MB, M, GB, G, will multiply the number with 512, 1000, 1024, 1000^2, 1024^2,
1000^3, 1024^3, 1000^2, 1024^2.
OFFSET and LABEL are octal by default, hexadecimal if prefixed with "0x" or decimal if a "." suffix
is added. The "b" suffix will multiply with 512.
TYPE contains one or more format specifications consisting of:
a for printable 7-bits ASCII
c for utf-8 characters or octal for undefined characters
d[SIZE] for signed decimal
f[SIZE] for floating point
o[SIZE] for octal
u[SIZE] for unsigned decimal
x[SIZE] for hexadecimal SIZE is the number of bytes which can be the number 1, 2, 4, 8 or 16,
or C, S, I, L for 1, 2, 4, 8 bytes for integer types,
or F, D, L for 4, 8, 16 bytes for floating point. Any type specification can have a "z" suffix,
which will add a ASCII dump at
the end of the line.
If an error occurred, a diagnostic message will be printed to stderr, and the exit code will be
non-zero.
VERSION
v(uutils coreutils) 0.8.0
2026-04-16 OD(1)