Manual: gnudu

DU(1)						User Commands					       DU(1)

NAME
       du - estimate file space usage

SYNOPSIS
       du [OPTION]... [FILE]...
       du [OPTION]... --files0-from=F

DESCRIPTION
       Summarize device usage of the set of FILEs, recursively for directories.

       Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

       -0, --null
	      end each output line with NUL, not newline

       -a, --all
	      write counts for all files, not just directories

       --apparent-size
	      print  apparent sizes rather than device usage; although the apparent size is usually smaller,
	      it may be larger due to holes in ('sparse') files, internal  fragmentation,  indirect  blocks,
	      and the like

       -B, --block-size=SIZE
	      scale  sizes  by	SIZE  before  printing	them; e.g., '-BM' prints sizes in units of 1,048,576
	      bytes; see SIZE format below

       -b, --bytes
	      equivalent to '--apparent-size --block-size=1'

       -c, --total
	      produce a grand total

       -D, --dereference-args
	      dereference only symlinks that are listed on the command line

       -d, --max-depth=N
	      print the total for a directory (or file, with --all) only if it is N or	fewer  levels  below
	      the command line argument;  --max-depth=0 is the same as --summarize

       --files0-from=F
	      summarize	 device	 usage of the NUL-terminated file names specified in file F; if F is -, then
	      read names from standard input

       -H     equivalent to --dereference-args (-D)

       -h, --human-readable
	      print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)

       --inodes
	      list inode usage information instead of block usage

       -k     like --block-size=1K

       -L, --dereference
	      dereference all symbolic links

       -l, --count-links
	      count sizes many times if hard linked

       -m     like --block-size=1M

       -P, --no-dereference
	      don't follow any symbolic links (this is the default)

       -S, --separate-dirs
	      for directories do not include size of subdirectories

       --si   like -h, but use powers of 1000 not 1024

       -s, --summarize
	      display only a total for each argument

       -t, --threshold=SIZE
	      exclude entries smaller than SIZE if positive, or entries greater than SIZE if negative

       --time show time of the last modification of any file in the directory, or any of its subdirectories

       --time=WORD
	      show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime, access, use, ctime or status

       --time-style=STYLE
	      show times using STYLE, which can be: full-iso, long-iso, iso, or +FORMAT;  FORMAT  is  inter‐
	      preted like in 'date'

       -X, --exclude-from=FILE
	      exclude files that match any pattern in FILE

       --exclude=PATTERN
	      exclude files that match PATTERN

       -x, --one-file-system
	      skip directories on different file systems

       --help display this help and exit

       --version
	      output version information and exit

       Display	values	are  in	 units of the first available SIZE from --block-size, and the DU_BLOCK_SIZE,
       BLOCK_SIZE and BLOCKSIZE environment variables.	Otherwise, units default to 1024 bytes	(or  512  if
       POSIXLY_CORRECT is set).

       The  SIZE  argument  is	an  integer  and  optional  unit  (example:  10K  is  10*1024).	  Units	 are
       K,M,G,T,P,E,Z,Y,R,Q (powers of 1024) or KB,MB,... (powers of 1000).  Binary  prefixes  can  be  used,
       too: KiB=K, MiB=M, and so on.

PATTERNS
       PATTERN	is  a  shell  pattern  (not a regular expression).  The pattern ? matches any one character,
       whereas * matches any string (composed of zero, one or multiple characters).  For example,  *.o	will
       match any files whose names end in .o.  Therefore, the command

	      du --exclude='*.o'

       will skip all files and subdirectories ending in .o (including the file .o itself).

AUTHOR
       Written by Torbjorn Granlund, David MacKenzie, Paul Eggert, and Jim Meyering.

REPORTING BUGS
       GNU coreutils online help: 
       Report any translation bugs to 

SEE ALSO
       Full documentation 
       or available locally via: info '(coreutils) du invocation'

       Packaged by Ubuntu (9.7-3ubuntu2.1)
       Copyright © 2025 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
       License GPLv3+: GNU GPL version 3 or later .
       This is free software: you are free to change and redistribute it.
       There is NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.

GNU coreutils 9.7				 August 2026					       DU(1)